The NIS2 Directive mandates comprehensive cybersecurity measures across 18 critical sectors, yet 70% of EU companies provide no cybersecurity training to their employees. This paper presents a novel cyber range architecture specifically designed for NIS2 compliance, addressing critical gaps in workforce development and regulatory preparedness. With financial services experiencing 45% of critical infrastructure attacks and only 27% of cybersecurity graduates deemed work-ready, our proposed framework demonstrates how structured cyber range programs can improve incident response capabilities while reducing compliance costs. The study reveals practical implementation strategies supporting NIS2’s four core requirements through sector-specific training modules and automated compliance assessment, incorporating findings from Hungarian cybersecurity education research.
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- Cyber Range Infrastructures for NIS2 Directive Compliance: Enterprise Use Cases and Training Imperatives